Born in Johannesburg, South Africa and moved to Hampshire, England when he was 5 years old, which is when he started playing golf. First swung a club, however, at 11 months old when his father, Ken, handed him a plastic club. The two were incredibly close until Ken passed away in 2002 (at age 57) after a multi-year battle with cancer.

Established the Kate & Justin Rose Foundation in 2009. In the United States, the foundation's efforts centered the nutritional and educational needs of impoverished children in Central Florida (their adopted home for a period of time). The foundation partnered with Blessings in a Backpack to fight childhood hunger, and BookTrust to provide books for children from low-income families. In 2020, the foundation established the Orlando Chapter of Blessings in a Backpack (known as Rose Blessings Orlando). The Kate & Justin Rose Foundation has since established initiatives in England and contributed to initiatives in The Bahamas (most notably a $100,000 donation to Lend a Hand Bahamas in the aftermath of Hurricane Dorian in 2019).

Named the 2021 Payne Stewart Award recipient, recognizing his character, charity and sportsmanship.

In March 2025, in recognition of the significant charitable work carried out by the Kate & Justin Rose Foundation, Justin received the Arnie Award, presented annually by Golf Digest.

Appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 2017 for his services to golf.

In 2019, became the sponsor of the Telegraph Junior Golf Championship, which is regarded as an unofficial "major" of junior golf and was first played in 1985. Rose won the tournament -- now known as the Justin Rose Telegraph Junior Golf Championship -- in 1997.

In June 2020, following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Justin and Kate Rose created a new women's golf series -- The Rose Ladies Series -- which provided playing opportunities throughout England. Justin and Kate pledged their own money (35,000 pounds the first year) to fund the series.

In the leadup to the 2025 Open Championship, Rose and his wife, Kate, were part of the Royal Precession at Royal Ascot, and sat in the Royal Box at Wimbledon.